Struct zebra_test::prelude::Stdio

1.0.0 · source ·
pub struct Stdio(Stdio);
Expand description

Describes what to do with a standard I/O stream for a child process when passed to the stdin, stdout, and stderr methods of Command.

Tuple Fields§

§0: Stdio

Implementations§

source§

impl Stdio

1.0.0 · source

pub fn piped() -> Stdio

A new pipe should be arranged to connect the parent and child processes.

§Examples

With stdout:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let output = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "Hello, world!\n");
// Nothing echoed to console

With stdin:

use std::io::Write;
use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let mut child = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(Stdio::piped())
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .spawn()
    .expect("Failed to spawn child process");

let mut stdin = child.stdin.take().expect("Failed to open stdin");
std::thread::spawn(move || {
    stdin.write_all("Hello, world!".as_bytes()).expect("Failed to write to stdin");
});

let output = child.wait_with_output().expect("Failed to read stdout");
assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "!dlrow ,olleH");

Writing more than a pipe buffer’s worth of input to stdin without also reading stdout and stderr at the same time may cause a deadlock. This is an issue when running any program that doesn’t guarantee that it reads its entire stdin before writing more than a pipe buffer’s worth of output. The size of a pipe buffer varies on different targets.

1.0.0 · source

pub fn inherit() -> Stdio

The child inherits from the corresponding parent descriptor.

§Examples

With stdout:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let output = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(Stdio::inherit())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "");
// "Hello, world!" echoed to console

With stdin:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
use std::io::{self, Write};

let output = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(Stdio::inherit())
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

print!("You piped in the reverse of: ");
io::stdout().write_all(&output.stdout).unwrap();
1.0.0 · source

pub fn null() -> Stdio

This stream will be ignored. This is the equivalent of attaching the stream to /dev/null.

§Examples

With stdout:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let output = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(Stdio::null())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "");
// Nothing echoed to console

With stdin:

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let output = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(Stdio::null())
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .output()
    .expect("Failed to execute command");

assert_eq!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout), "");
// Ignores any piped-in input
source

pub fn makes_pipe(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (stdio_makes_pipe)

Returns true if this requires Command to create a new pipe.

§Example
#![feature(stdio_makes_pipe)]
use std::process::Stdio;

let io = Stdio::piped();
assert_eq!(io.makes_pipe(), true);

Trait Implementations§

1.16.0 · source§

impl Debug for Stdio

source§

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
1.20.0 · source§

impl From<ChildStderr> for Stdio

source§

fn from(child: ChildStderr) -> Stdio

Converts a ChildStderr into a Stdio.

§Examples
use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let reverse = Command::new("rev")
    .arg("non_existing_file.txt")
    .stderr(Stdio::piped())
    .spawn()
    .expect("failed reverse command");

let cat = Command::new("cat")
    .arg("-")
    .stdin(reverse.stderr.unwrap()) // Converted into a Stdio here
    .output()
    .expect("failed echo command");

assert_eq!(
    String::from_utf8_lossy(&cat.stdout),
    "rev: cannot open non_existing_file.txt: No such file or directory\n"
);
1.20.0 · source§

impl From<ChildStdin> for Stdio

source§

fn from(child: ChildStdin) -> Stdio

Converts a ChildStdin into a Stdio.

§Examples

ChildStdin will be converted to Stdio using Stdio::from under the hood.

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let reverse = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(Stdio::piped())
    .spawn()
    .expect("failed reverse command");

let _echo = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(reverse.stdin.unwrap()) // Converted into a Stdio here
    .output()
    .expect("failed echo command");

// "!dlrow ,olleH" echoed to console
1.20.0 · source§

impl From<ChildStdout> for Stdio

source§

fn from(child: ChildStdout) -> Stdio

Converts a ChildStdout into a Stdio.

§Examples

ChildStdout will be converted to Stdio using Stdio::from under the hood.

use std::process::{Command, Stdio};

let hello = Command::new("echo")
    .arg("Hello, world!")
    .stdout(Stdio::piped())
    .spawn()
    .expect("failed echo command");

let reverse = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(hello.stdout.unwrap())  // Converted into a Stdio here
    .output()
    .expect("failed reverse command");

assert_eq!(reverse.stdout, b"!dlrow ,olleH\n");
1.20.0 · source§

impl From<File> for Stdio

source§

fn from(file: File) -> Stdio

Converts a File into a Stdio.

§Examples

File will be converted to Stdio using Stdio::from under the hood.

use std::fs::File;
use std::process::Command;

// With the `foo.txt` file containing "Hello, world!"
let file = File::open("foo.txt").unwrap();

let reverse = Command::new("rev")
    .stdin(file)  // Implicit File conversion into a Stdio
    .output()
    .expect("failed reverse command");

assert_eq!(reverse.stdout, b"!dlrow ,olleH");
1.63.0 · source§

impl From<OwnedFd> for Stdio

source§

fn from(fd: OwnedFd) -> Stdio

Takes ownership of a file descriptor and returns a Stdio that can attach a stream to it.

1.74.0 · source§

impl From<Stderr> for Stdio

source§

fn from(inherit: Stderr) -> Stdio

Redirect command stdout/stderr to our stderr

§Examples
#![feature(exit_status_error)]
use std::io;
use std::process::Command;

let output = Command::new("whoami")
    .stdout(io::stderr())
    .output()?;
output.status.exit_ok()?;
assert!(output.stdout.is_empty());
1.74.0 · source§

impl From<Stdout> for Stdio

source§

fn from(inherit: Stdout) -> Stdio

Redirect command stdout/stderr to our stdout

§Examples
#![feature(exit_status_error)]
use std::io;
use std::process::Command;

let output = Command::new("whoami")
    .stdout(io::stdout())
    .output()?;
output.status.exit_ok()?;
assert!(output.stdout.is_empty());
1.2.0 · source§

impl FromRawFd for Stdio

source§

unsafe fn from_raw_fd(fd: i32) -> Stdio

Constructs a new instance of Self from the given raw file descriptor. Read more

Auto Trait Implementations§

§

impl Freeze for Stdio

§

impl RefUnwindSafe for Stdio

§

impl Send for Stdio

§

impl Sync for Stdio

§

impl Unpin for Stdio

§

impl UnwindSafe for Stdio

Blanket Implementations§

source§

impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

source§

fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
source§

impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

source§

fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§

impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

source§

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
source§

impl<T> From<T> for T

source§

fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

§

impl<T> Instrument for T

§

fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided [Span], returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
§

fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
source§

impl<T> Instrument for T

source§

fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
source§

fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
source§

impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

source§

fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

§

impl<D> OwoColorize for D

§

fn fg<C>(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, C, Self>
where C: Color,

Set the foreground color generically Read more
§

fn bg<C>(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, C, Self>
where C: Color,

Set the background color generically. Read more
§

fn black<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Black, Self>

Change the foreground color to black
§

fn on_black<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Black, Self>

Change the background color to black
§

fn red<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Red, Self>

Change the foreground color to red
§

fn on_red<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Red, Self>

Change the background color to red
§

fn green<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Green, Self>

Change the foreground color to green
§

fn on_green<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Green, Self>

Change the background color to green
§

fn yellow<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Yellow, Self>

Change the foreground color to yellow
§

fn on_yellow<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Yellow, Self>

Change the background color to yellow
§

fn blue<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Blue, Self>

Change the foreground color to blue
§

fn on_blue<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Blue, Self>

Change the background color to blue
§

fn magenta<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Magenta, Self>

Change the foreground color to magenta
§

fn on_magenta<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Magenta, Self>

Change the background color to magenta
§

fn purple<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Magenta, Self>

Change the foreground color to purple
§

fn on_purple<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Magenta, Self>

Change the background color to purple
§

fn cyan<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Cyan, Self>

Change the foreground color to cyan
§

fn on_cyan<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Cyan, Self>

Change the background color to cyan
§

fn white<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, White, Self>

Change the foreground color to white
§

fn on_white<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, White, Self>

Change the background color to white
§

fn default_color<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, Default, Self>

Change the foreground color to the terminal default
§

fn on_default_color<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, Default, Self>

Change the background color to the terminal default
§

fn bright_black<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightBlack, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright black
§

fn on_bright_black<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightBlack, Self>

Change the background color to bright black
§

fn bright_red<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightRed, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright red
§

fn on_bright_red<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightRed, Self>

Change the background color to bright red
§

fn bright_green<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightGreen, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright green
§

fn on_bright_green<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightGreen, Self>

Change the background color to bright green
§

fn bright_yellow<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightYellow, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright yellow
§

fn on_bright_yellow<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightYellow, Self>

Change the background color to bright yellow
§

fn bright_blue<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightBlue, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright blue
§

fn on_bright_blue<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightBlue, Self>

Change the background color to bright blue
§

fn bright_magenta<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightMagenta, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright magenta
§

fn on_bright_magenta<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightMagenta, Self>

Change the background color to bright magenta
§

fn bright_purple<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightMagenta, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright purple
§

fn on_bright_purple<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightMagenta, Self>

Change the background color to bright purple
§

fn bright_cyan<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightCyan, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright cyan
§

fn on_bright_cyan<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightCyan, Self>

Change the background color to bright cyan
§

fn bright_white<'a>(&'a self) -> FgColorDisplay<'a, BrightWhite, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright white
§

fn on_bright_white<'a>(&'a self) -> BgColorDisplay<'a, BrightWhite, Self>

Change the background color to bright white
§

fn bold<'a>(&'a self) -> BoldDisplay<'a, Self>

Make the text bold
§

fn dimmed<'a>(&'a self) -> DimDisplay<'a, Self>

Make the text dim
§

fn italic<'a>(&'a self) -> ItalicDisplay<'a, Self>

Make the text italicized
§

fn underline<'a>(&'a self) -> UnderlineDisplay<'a, Self>

Make the text italicized
Make the text blink
Make the text blink (but fast!)
§

fn reversed<'a>(&'a self) -> ReversedDisplay<'a, Self>

Swap the foreground and background colors
§

fn hidden<'a>(&'a self) -> HiddenDisplay<'a, Self>

Hide the text
§

fn strikethrough<'a>(&'a self) -> StrikeThroughDisplay<'a, Self>

Cross out the text
§

fn color<Color>(&self, color: Color) -> FgDynColorDisplay<'_, Color, Self>
where Color: DynColor,

Set the foreground color at runtime. Only use if you do not know which color will be used at compile-time. If the color is constant, use either OwoColorize::fg or a color-specific method, such as OwoColorize::green, Read more
§

fn on_color<Color>(&self, color: Color) -> BgDynColorDisplay<'_, Color, Self>
where Color: DynColor,

Set the background color at runtime. Only use if you do not know what color to use at compile-time. If the color is constant, use either OwoColorize::bg or a color-specific method, such as OwoColorize::on_yellow, Read more
§

fn fg_rgb<const R: u8, const G: u8, const B: u8>( &self ) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, CustomColor<R, G, B>, Self>

Set the foreground color to a specific RGB value.
§

fn bg_rgb<const R: u8, const G: u8, const B: u8>( &self ) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, CustomColor<R, G, B>, Self>

Set the background color to a specific RGB value.
§

fn truecolor(&self, r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> FgDynColorDisplay<'_, Rgb, Self>

Sets the foreground color to an RGB value.
§

fn on_truecolor(&self, r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> BgDynColorDisplay<'_, Rgb, Self>

Sets the background color to an RGB value.
§

fn style(&self, style: Style) -> Styled<&Self>

Apply a runtime-determined style
§

impl<D> OwoColorize for D

§

fn fg<C>(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, C, Self>
where C: Color,

Set the foreground color generically Read more
§

fn bg<C>(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, C, Self>
where C: Color,

Set the background color generically. Read more
§

fn black(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Black, Self>

Change the foreground color to black
§

fn on_black(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Black, Self>

Change the background color to black
§

fn red(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Red, Self>

Change the foreground color to red
§

fn on_red(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Red, Self>

Change the background color to red
§

fn green(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Green, Self>

Change the foreground color to green
§

fn on_green(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Green, Self>

Change the background color to green
§

fn yellow(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Yellow, Self>

Change the foreground color to yellow
§

fn on_yellow(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Yellow, Self>

Change the background color to yellow
§

fn blue(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Blue, Self>

Change the foreground color to blue
§

fn on_blue(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Blue, Self>

Change the background color to blue
§

fn magenta(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Magenta, Self>

Change the foreground color to magenta
§

fn on_magenta(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Magenta, Self>

Change the background color to magenta
§

fn purple(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Magenta, Self>

Change the foreground color to purple
§

fn on_purple(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Magenta, Self>

Change the background color to purple
§

fn cyan(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Cyan, Self>

Change the foreground color to cyan
§

fn on_cyan(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Cyan, Self>

Change the background color to cyan
§

fn white(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, White, Self>

Change the foreground color to white
§

fn on_white(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, White, Self>

Change the background color to white
§

fn default_color(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, Default, Self>

Change the foreground color to the terminal default
§

fn on_default_color(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, Default, Self>

Change the background color to the terminal default
§

fn bright_black(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightBlack, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright black
§

fn on_bright_black(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightBlack, Self>

Change the background color to bright black
§

fn bright_red(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightRed, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright red
§

fn on_bright_red(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightRed, Self>

Change the background color to bright red
§

fn bright_green(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightGreen, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright green
§

fn on_bright_green(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightGreen, Self>

Change the background color to bright green
§

fn bright_yellow(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightYellow, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright yellow
§

fn on_bright_yellow(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightYellow, Self>

Change the background color to bright yellow
§

fn bright_blue(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightBlue, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright blue
§

fn on_bright_blue(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightBlue, Self>

Change the background color to bright blue
§

fn bright_magenta(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightMagenta, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright magenta
§

fn on_bright_magenta(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightMagenta, Self>

Change the background color to bright magenta
§

fn bright_purple(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightMagenta, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright purple
§

fn on_bright_purple(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightMagenta, Self>

Change the background color to bright purple
§

fn bright_cyan(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightCyan, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright cyan
§

fn on_bright_cyan(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightCyan, Self>

Change the background color to bright cyan
§

fn bright_white(&self) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, BrightWhite, Self>

Change the foreground color to bright white
§

fn on_bright_white(&self) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, BrightWhite, Self>

Change the background color to bright white
§

fn bold(&self) -> BoldDisplay<'_, Self>

Make the text bold
§

fn dimmed(&self) -> DimDisplay<'_, Self>

Make the text dim
§

fn italic(&self) -> ItalicDisplay<'_, Self>

Make the text italicized
§

fn underline(&self) -> UnderlineDisplay<'_, Self>

Make the text italicized
Make the text blink
Make the text blink (but fast!)
§

fn reversed(&self) -> ReversedDisplay<'_, Self>

Swap the foreground and background colors
§

fn hidden(&self) -> HiddenDisplay<'_, Self>

Hide the text
§

fn strikethrough(&self) -> StrikeThroughDisplay<'_, Self>

Cross out the text
§

fn color<Color>(&self, color: Color) -> FgDynColorDisplay<'_, Color, Self>
where Color: DynColor,

Set the foreground color at runtime. Only use if you do not know which color will be used at compile-time. If the color is constant, use either OwoColorize::fg or a color-specific method, such as OwoColorize::green, Read more
§

fn on_color<Color>(&self, color: Color) -> BgDynColorDisplay<'_, Color, Self>
where Color: DynColor,

Set the background color at runtime. Only use if you do not know what color to use at compile-time. If the color is constant, use either OwoColorize::bg or a color-specific method, such as OwoColorize::on_yellow, Read more
§

fn fg_rgb<const R: u8, const G: u8, const B: u8>( &self ) -> FgColorDisplay<'_, CustomColor<R, G, B>, Self>

Set the foreground color to a specific RGB value.
§

fn bg_rgb<const R: u8, const G: u8, const B: u8>( &self ) -> BgColorDisplay<'_, CustomColor<R, G, B>, Self>

Set the background color to a specific RGB value.
§

fn truecolor(&self, r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> FgDynColorDisplay<'_, Rgb, Self>

Sets the foreground color to an RGB value.
§

fn on_truecolor(&self, r: u8, g: u8, b: u8) -> BgDynColorDisplay<'_, Rgb, Self>

Sets the background color to an RGB value.
§

fn style(&self, style: Style) -> Styled<&Self>

Apply a runtime-determined style
source§

impl<Response, Error> ResponseResult<Response, Error> for Response

source§

fn into_result(self) -> Result<Response, Error>

Converts the type into a Result that can be sent as a response.
source§

impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

§

type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§

fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
source§

impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

§

type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
source§

fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
§

impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T
where V: MultiLane<T>,

§

fn vzip(self) -> V

§

impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

§

fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self>
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
§

fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
source§

impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

source§

fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self>
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more
source§

fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a WithDispatch wrapper. Read more